Definition

• Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is performed when a tooth has decayed so much that it has reached the nerve of the tooth, or the entire tooth is infected. The procedure involves restoring the pulp chamber of the tooth with a suitable filling material.
  
  

Background

• A root canal is the cavity found in the center of the tooth, when the tissue becomes infected. Bacteria multiplies in the pulp chamber, which can lead to infection. The abscessed tooth may lead to swelling of the face and neck. Other symptoms may include severe toothache, discoloration of the tooth and swelling of the nearby gums.
  
  

Stage 1

• An X-ray is taken to determine the size of the root canals and to determine the level of infection. Local anesthesia will be used to numb the surrounding area of the tooth, after which canal files will be used to remove the pulp and the decayed nerve tissue and to scrape the side of the tooth. After cleansing, the tooth is sealed and a temporary filling placed in the exterior hole.
  
  

Stage 2

• On the next appointment, the interior of the tooth is filled with a sealer paste and the root canal filled with a rubber compound named "gutta percha." A filling is placed in the exterior hole made in the tooth. Finally, the tooth will need cosmetic restoration; this may include a crown, or crown and post, to protect the tooth and make it stronger.
  
  

Time Frame

• A root canal treatment typically consists of several visits to the dentist. The dentist will need to ensure that all the infection is eliminated; some procedures are more complicated due to the position of the tooth.
  
  

Cost

• Cost varies, depending on the severity of the problem. Most dental insurance policies should cover all or part of the cost of treatment.